How do antidepressants work
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How do antidepressants work
Antidepressants are medications used to treat depression and related disorders. These medications work by altering the levels of certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. The three major neurotransmitters that are targeted by antidepressants are serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
The most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs work by blocking the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin, which allows for more serotonin to be available in the brain. This increase in serotonin is thought to improve mood and decrease symptoms of depression.
Another class of antidepressants is serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). SNRIs work by blocking the reabsorption of both serotonin and norepinephrine, which can also help to improve mood.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were one of the first classes of antidepressants developed. TCAs work by blocking the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, as well as blocking certain receptors in the brain. However, TCAs have more side effects than SSRIs and SNRIs and are now less commonly prescribed.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another class of antidepressants that work by inhibiting an enzyme called monoamine oxidase. This enzyme breaks down neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine, so inhibiting its activity can increase the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain.
Atypical antidepressants are a newer class of medications that don’t fit into the other categories. These medications can have a variety of mechanisms of action, such as blocking certain receptors in the brain or inhibiting the reuptake of multiple neurotransmitters.
Antidepressants can take several weeks to start working, and it’s not entirely clear how they produce their therapeutic effects. One theory is that increasing the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain helps to improve communication between nerve cells, which can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.
However, it’s important to note that antidepressants don’t work for everyone, and they can have side effects. Common side effects of antidepressants can include nausea, diarrhea, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and insomnia. In rare cases, antidepressants can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors, especially in young people.
Antidepressants should be prescribed by a qualified healthcare provider and taken exactly as directed. It’s important to continue taking antidepressants even if you start feeling better, as stopping medication too soon can lead to a relapse of symptoms.
In conclusion, antidepressants work by altering the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. The different classes of antidepressants have slightly different mechanisms of action, but they all target the same neurotransmitters. Antidepressants can take several weeks to start working and can have side effects, so it’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to find the best medication and dosage for your individual needs.
How do antidepressants work
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