Antisocial Personality Disorder Assignment
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Antisocial Personality Disorder Assignment
Running head: PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS 1
PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS 2
Psychiatric Diagnosis
Evette Grayson
Ashford University
Psy 645: Psychopathology
Dr. Robin Friedman
October 21, 2019
Psychological concepts in the patient’s presentation using professional terminology.
The psychological concepts that are present in the presentation of the patient are as follows;
- Behavioral Concepts
The behaviors of the patient have changed, and this is because of the response that she has been getting from friends and her mother (Derefinko & Widiger, 2016). At the same time, the patient has made a choice to withdraw from the community so that she can focus on the things that matter to her.
- Psychodynamic
Psychologically, the girl, in this case, has been affected. In her narration, she has termed two parties to be the sources of her stress. Her parents and her friends are the ones who have disappointed her.
Identify symptoms and behaviors exhibited by the patient in the chosen case study
- Withdrawal
Withdrawal is a behavior that is promoted when a person is tired of the people who are around. The reasons for a person to have such a feeling can be different. The first reason might be associated with the choices of the person, and the second might be because of the people around (Grant et al. 2016). In the case of Julia, she is affected by the two. The reason behind it is that the people are around are some of the reasons why she wants to stay away from certain people. At the same time, she has made a choice to stay away from people.
- Increased Stress
Increased levels of stress are well seen in the behaviors of a person. When a person is stressful, the way that person talks is different from if the person was in his or her best state (Derefinko & Widiger, 2016). In the case of Julia, she is disappointed by people who she thought mattered to her. In this case, it is no doubt that she is stressed.
Match the identified symptoms to potential disorders in a diagnostic manual.
DSM 5 Diagnosis (Antisocial Personality Disorder) Symptoms of the patient 1 Avoidance She does not want to interact with friends and family. 2 Adverse changes in thinking and mood The feelings and attitudes towards friends and family changed. 3 Changes in physical and emotional reactions The patient is easily annoyed. A diagnosis based on the patient’s symptoms and the criteria listed for the disorder(s) in the diagnostic manual
The best diagnosis for the client who has been mentioned is Antisocial Personality Disorder. The symptoms that are present in the client are the same that have been listed on the manual (Grant et al. 2016). Therefore, it means that the first step would be to try and help the client using the identified diagnosis. Different factors must be considered while diagnosing a patient. It is essential to note that stressors are within the environment (Derefinko & Widiger, 2016). Therefore, the background of the client is important. In the case of the client, she has spent with friends and family for a long time in the past. The events that she came across when she reduced weight seem to be bothering her to date. One sign that can be used as a proof is associated with the decisions that she has taken to stay away from people.
The body of a human being is programmed or designed in a way that it can only take a certain amount of shock. When the body is exposed to extreme events, a person is mentally affected. The brain of a person can choose to let go of some details or hold on to them until the client goes through an intervention. When the stress is still in mind, the mind of a person cannot function effectively (Derefinko & Widiger, 2016). At the same time, the case qualifies to be grouped among Antisocial Personality Disorder because the issue that the patient is dealing with is taking her away from people. The client is affected by the people that she dearly held close to her heart (Grant et al. 2016). In this case, it is evident that the stress that the client was going through in the process of adding and reducing weight is the one that is affecting his current situation.
How the patient meets the criteria for the disorder(s) according to the patient’s symptoms and the criteria outlined in the diagnostic manual
A patient meets the criteria for a disorder if the symptoms are similar. In the case of the patient, there are different behaviors that demonstrate that he is going through Antisocial Personality Disorder. One of the symptoms in Antisocial Personality Disorder is avoidance (Grant et al. 2016). When the same symptom is compared to the behaviors of the client, there is an evident similarity (Derefinko & Widiger, 2016). The patient does not want to interact with her friends and family. The last position of the patient is to stay away from people who have been the causes of her stress and concentrate on her studies and sports.
A negative change in thinking is a symptom that is present in Antisocial Personality Disorder. The behaviors of the patient are aligned with this symptom. Before the event took place, Julia was a different girl, and this is because she was social (Blevins, Weathers, Davis, Witte, & Domino, 2015). However, after the events that unfolded, Julia changed. In this respect, it is no doubt that the change of behaviors took place in the life of Julia. It is for this reason that Julia is now a girl who has alienated herself from family and friends.
Justify the use of the chosen diagnostic manual
DSM-5 is the diagnosis manual where the symptoms have been taken from, and there are different reasons as to why the manual has been chosen over others. The first reason is associated with its broadness when it comes to diagnosing (Blevins et al. 2015). The manual has been used in the field of psychology for many years, and it has proven that it can go to the lowest end to get clear information on any given issue (Grant et al. 2016). The reason why the manual is broad is that it looks into the finest details of the disorders that affect people mentally and emotionally.
The second reason is associated with the trust that the manual or criteria have earned in the field of psychology. Credibility and accuracy are essential aspects in the field of psychology. Due to its credibility, it is always recommended for use because it promotes clarity in psychology (Blevins et al. 2015). A method that has been used and provided favorable results is likely to be more trusted than a method that has never worked or a method that has proven not to be as effective as the other.
General views of the diagnosis from multiple theoretical orientations and historical perspectives
Theoretically, the environment has an impact on the life of a human being. The reasoning of a human being is shaped by the environment in one way or another. It is for this reason why most of the young people who are brought up in families that are violent end up being violent (Grant et al. 2016). In this case, associating the case of the client and the environment is appropriate and will help to answer the questions that might be surrounding the whole case. From a theoretical perspective, when a person starts to withdraw from the community, it is evident that the person is going through a stressful event (Blevins et al. 2015). The reason behind it is associated with the fact that human beings are social beings.
Include a discussion on co-morbidity if the diagnosis includes more than one disorder
The diagnosis is one of the best, and this is because of its ability to look into more than one issue. DSM-5 is not only used for stress, but it also focuses on substance abuse and other disorders that have a mental impact on the patients (Grant et al. 2016). In this case, it means that the diagnosis can be used to separate disorders when they merge. For example, a person might be dealing with posttraumatic stress and abuse of the substance. The diagnosis helps to single out each of the disorders.
Evaluate symptoms within the context of an appropriate theoretical orientation for this diagnosis
The two symptoms in the context of theoretical orientation are withdrawal from the members of the community and reduced self-esteem. The symptom of withdrawal is associated with the theory of social being (Grant et al. 2016). One of the reasons why people who are not social are considered to have a problem is that there is a theory that states that human beings should naturally be social. Therefore, there is a dire need to look into the case of a person who does not interact with the rest. The case of low self-esteem is associated with the theory about the environment (Blevins et al. 2015). Theoretically, the events that a person goes through might haunt that person if they go past the boundary of human dignity. In the case of Julia, it is no doubt that the environment has affected her in a negative way. The reason why she has changed is that people who are around her have made her feel uncomfortable.
Peer-Reviewed Articles
The peer-reviewed articles are the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) and Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder. The articles are credible, and this is because they are published by peer-reviewed journals. In the field of research, it is important to use a source that is highly accepted. Therefore, the fact that the sources are reliable automatically makes the content reliable as well (Derefinko & Widiger, 2016). DSM 5 diagnosis is not limiting when it comes to the age of the people that it deals with. One of the fascinating characteristics of the diagnosis is the separation of diagnosis. For example, people who are elder use a different diagnosis from children. In this case, it means that it can be used on any type of person and provide results that are factual and accurate.
The risk factors
Psychologically, Antisocial Personality Disorder affects the reasoning of the affected person. Stress that the patient goes through affects his ability to reason well. As a result, one can become ineffective and useless in society (Blevins et al. 2015). Socially, a person who is going through Antisocial Personality Disorder withdraws from society. Therefore, the social life of the person is affected. Most of the patients like to deal with their stress alone, and that is why they choose to withdraw from society. Such symptoms are present in the case of Julia.
Compare evidence-based and non-evidence-based treatment options for the diagnosis
Cognitive Processing Therapy is the best evidence-based treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder. The therapy helps a patient to open up and to demonstrate how the events affect the patient (Grant et al. 2016). As a result, the patient is able to talk out most of the issues that might be affecting him. When people share information with others, the process of healing starts because they have been provided with a vessel to pour out their emotions. Therefore, the treatment promotes their healing (Blevins et al. 2015). A non-evidence based treatment would be a prayer. Religious people tie all events that take place with the world of spirit. Instead of looking for a scientific intervention, they end up praying for the patient. There is no evidence that payers stop nightmares and other emotional issues.
Annotated Bibliography
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of traumatic stress, 28(6), 489-498.
The article has focused on the significance of DSM 5 as a diagnosis manual. One of the advantages of DSM 5 has been associated with the ability to diagnose posttraumatic stress.
Derefinko, K. J., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Antisocial personality disorder. In The medical basis of psychiatry (pp. 229-245). Springer, New York, NY.
The resource states that antisocial personality disorder is an issue that is affecting most of the young people. However, not much attention is paid to know more about the patients.
Grant, B. F., Saha, T. D., Ruan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., … & Hasin, D. S. (2016). Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(1), 39-47.
The article has helped to understand more about DSM 5. The article highlights that the diagnosis manual has the ability to diagnose different disorders at the same time. The other area where the DSM 5 works effectively are drug use disorder.
Newbury-Helps, J., Feigenbaum, J., & Fonagy, P. (2017). Offenders with antisocial personality disorder display more impairments in mentalizing. Journal of personality disorders, 31(2), 232-255.
The article has focused on the issue of antisocial personality disorder from the perspective of the offenders. In this case, the article states that most offenders develop an antisocial personality disorder. It is at this point where they are stressed to the extent of engaging in criminal activities.
Timmermann, M., Jeung, H., Schmitt, R., Boll, S., Freitag, C. M., Bertsch, K., & Herpertz, S. C. (2017). Oxytocin improves facial emotion recognition in young adults with an antisocial personality disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 85, 158 164.
Antisocial personality disorder can be read by the look of one’s face. People who have antisocial personality disorder do not like coming into contact with others. Therefore, one can read their faces by closely and meticulously monitoring them.
References
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of traumatic stress, 28(6), 489-498.
Grant, B. F., Saha, T. D., Ruan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., … & Hasin, D. S. (2016). Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III. JAMA Psychiatry, 73(1), 39-47.
Derefinko, K. J., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Antisocial personality disorder. In The medical basis of psychiatry (pp. 229-245). Springer, New York, NY.
Newbury-Helps, J., Feigenbaum, J., & Fonagy, P. (2017). Offenders with antisocial personality disorder display more impairments in mentalizing. Journal of personality disorders, 31(2), 232-255.
Timmermann, M., Jeung, H., Schmitt, R., Boll, S., Freitag, C. M., Bertsch, K., & Herpertz, S. C. (2017). Oxytocin improves facial emotion recognition in young adults with antisocial personality disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 85, 158