Blood Pressure Lab Report Essay
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Blood Pressure Lab Report Essay
Blood Pressure Lab Write-up Part I:
Introduction
The ability to maintain normal blood pressure is crucial aspect of human life. Blood pressure refers to the pressure that blood puts on the arteries it flows through. This is dependent on many
factors, including resistance to flow, cardiac output, and volume status of the individual. That flow is maintained ensures that the body receives blood that contains oxygen, nutrients, and many
other important substances that are critical for survival. As resistance increases, the cardiac flow becomes more restricted. An example of this happening is when an individual has a plaque/cholesterol build-up in their arteries. To compensate for the decreased blood flow, there is an increased blood pressure. This is beneficial in acute settings, but longstanding high blood
pressure can damage the arteries and heart muscle.
Blood flow does not only change in response to disease. Blood flow changes based on our body position as well. The blood is evenly distributed throughout our bodies because there is no
gravitational forces acting on our vascular system. If someone is lying down and suddenly stands up, the venous blood quickly flows into our lower limbs due to gravity, causing a rapid decrease in blood flow to the heart. The normal body response to this is rapid activation of baroreceptors that increase the pressure to restore flow. Individuals with certain diseases may not have this
response and may experience orthostatic hypotension – fainting with position change.
Due to its importance, blood pressure is routinely measured in the healthcare setting. It is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. The sphygmomanometer device is wrapped
around the patient’s upper arm and is inflated to put pressure on the brachial artery. The individual measuring the blood pressure places their stethoscope on the brachial artery and listens for
Korotkoff sounds. These are sounds due to blood flowing through the brachial artery. The first, the systolic value, represents the pressure in the major arteries as blood is pumped out of the left ventricle. The diastolic pressure represents the pressure when the left ventricle is relaxed. Due to the importance of blood pressure, there are a range of normal values for individuals based on
sex, age, and more.
Our experiment aims to assess how blood pressure changes in the sitting versus supine position. Based on the physiology explained above regarding blood flow and gravity, we hypothesize that
blood pressure will be lower when the patient is supine versus sitting. This hypothesis will be tested using participants’ position as the independent variable, and the resultant blood pressure as
the dependent variable.
Methods:
We will be conducting the experiment on our colleagues, the demographics for which can be found in the results. We will be using an automatic sphygmomanometer, a stethoscope, and mat or
towel.
The participants will have the blood pressure cuff around their right arm in a seated position. The experimenter will press start and measure the blood pressure twice. The above sequence will
be repeated on the same participant on the left arm. Following completion of both arms, the participant will lay down on the mat/towel for three minutes. The blood pressure cuff will then be
attached to the right arm, and the machine will be started. The participant will get their left arm pressure read while supine following this.
The measurements will all be taken twice, and their values will be averaged. These averages will be used to calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP).
Speciation Research
Goal
Explain the process of speciation through an example.
Prompt
Speciation occurs via macroevolution – a process of many steps over many generations. Use a made-up pretend species of primate to tell the story of how a new species evolved. Connect it to
natural selection, allopatric speciation, and one of the primate evolution hypotheses discussed in the Week 2 module.
Instructions
You are exploring a remote area in Ecuador, and discover two species of unknown primate living on either side of a large river. The species to the north is large, only sees in two colors, and eats
mostly leaves. On the south side, you find a smaller species that feeds mainly on small flowering plants and fruits and has trichromatic vision.
Use this storyboard worksheet to explain each step in the process that has led to the evolution of these two species seen today in a sentence or two, and draw a diagram in each box to show
what happened. You will need to imagine what their ancestor species looked like, what happened to start the divergence of the two populations, and the selection pressures that favored the
different traits seen in the two species you see today.
This is an imaginary example and you should tell a made-up story. Do not do any research or reading beyond the chapter – I’m looking for plausible stories and events that illustrate the theories,
not true facts about existing primate species.
Blood Pressure Lab Report Essay
Blood Pressure Lab Report Essay
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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