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NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion
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Social Cognitive Theory Model (SCT) are learned behavioral habits from observation and social interaction. The models state that human behavior is influenced by three major behavioral constructs and they are cognitive influences on behavior, environmental influences on behavior, and supporting behavioral factors (Glanz et al., 2015). Cognitive influences on behavior depicts the ability of processing information, then applying the knowledge, and changing preferences. There are four factors that describe this influential behavior and they are self-efficacy, collective efficacy, outcome expectations, and knowledge. Self-efficacy describes the confidence to perform a behavior due to the individuals’ mastery of experiences. Collective efficacy is the ability of a group working together to achieve an outcome through teamwork, shared goals, and communication. Outcome expectations are the outcomes from positive or negative actions, such as having sex without condoms, which increases the negative consequences of STD. Lastly, knowledge is the understanding of the risk that comes with the behavior and the benefits of certain health practices (Glanz et al., 2015).
Environmental influences describe aspects that affect behaviors such as physical and social factors in the environment. There are four factors that describe this influential behavior and they are observational learning, normative beliefs, social support, and barriers and opportunities. Observational learning is the act of learning a new behavior based on observation, such as role models, mass media, and celebrities. Normative beliefs are behavioral aspects based on cultural norms and beliefs, along with providing intervention methods in correcting normative beliefs. Social support is the support and encouragement an individual receives from their social network, such as offering to babysit for a mother who has a newborn. Lastly, Barriers and opportunities are social and physical elements that make behavior change harder or easier to perform (Glanz et al., 2015). Supporting behavioral factors are actions that lead to health-enhancing to improve health or health-compromising which leads to poorer health. There are three factors that describe this influential behavior and they are behavioral skills, intentions, and reinforcement and punishment. Behavioral skills are the abilities needed to achieve or perform a behavior such as playing sports to stay fit and healthy. Intentions are the modifications of new or old behavior such as setting a goal and working towards it. Lastly, there are reinforcement and punishments which influence behaviors through the removal and provision of rewards or punishment (Glanz et al., 2015).
Youths within a school have this normative belief that smoking is suitable because they observe their peers smoking and nothing is happening to them. Therefore, intervention methods need to be enacted to prevent adolescents from partaking in tobacco use. An example of this situation can be demonstrated by the SCT model. A research was done on influencing youths’ normative beliefs regarding smoking, such as grouping the children into a classroom and asking them to express the cons and pros of smoking. With this method, it is possible that the children can see for themselves the detrimental effect of smoking. Therefore, correcting any misconceptions and social norms regarding smoking (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012) (Glanz et al., 2015). Therefore, SCT states that environmental influences, such as normative belief can affect behavior through observation learning which is what the children did when they learned the pros and cons of smoking. Henceforth, this model is very appropriate and effective with the example because the model works to correct normative beliefs’ misperception to change behavior and improve health (Glanz et al., 2015). Another model that is effective is the transtheoretical model because it is a commonly used intervention method for smoking cessation by using its stages of change to alter behavioral change. The health belief model can also be used for this behavioral change because the models focus on motivation and self-efficacy (Roberts et al., 2013).
NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion
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Excellent Quality 95-100%
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Introduction
45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Literature Support 91-84 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met. |
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Average Score 50-85% |
40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided. |
83-76 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration. |
52-49 points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met. |
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Poor Quality 0-45% |
37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided. |
75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration. |
48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met |
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NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion |
NYU Social Cognitive Theory Model Discussion