The human relations movement in management
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the Hawthorne Studies
The human relations movement in management began in earnest in 1927 with the Hawthorne studies. In the experiments, which ran from 1927 to 1932, researchers Elton Mayo and Fritz
Roethlisberger altered different factors, most notably the level of lighting, to determine the effects on worker productivity. The primary findings of the research project were as follows:
- The subjects responded to positive and pleasant interactions with researchers by increasing productivity rates on the job.
- Some of the tasks performed by supervisors were eventually assumed by entry-level employees, who also generated higher levels of production because the workers found the experience to be “fun” and free of anxiety about being disciplined for poor performance.
- Workers tended to form groups that were cohesive and loyal to one another. Anyone who overproduced became a “slave” or “speeding” and was derided or even physically punched in the arm (“binging”) by group members. Anyone who failed to do his fair share of work was labeled a “chiseler” and admonished to keep up with the group.
- The human relations movement in management
- The human relations movement in management
Mayo and Roethlisberger concluded that workers are motivated by more than money. Social interactions constitute a key part of the organizational experience. Individual attitudes and collective employee morale were significant determinants of productivity levels. There searchers suggested company managers should account for human emotions and interactions to achieve higher levels of success (Urwick,1960; Bedean, 1986).
The human relations movement in management
Although criticisms of the research methods used have emerged and questions regarding the exact nature of the findings and conclusions relate
The human relations movement in management
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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