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Instructions:
Introduction to Logic
Topic 5 Reading Exercises
Copi, Irving M. Introduction to Logic, 14th Edition. Routledge.
EXERCISE A INSTRUCTIONS
State the converses of the following propositions, and indicate which of them are equivalent to the given propositions:
PROBLEMS
1. No people who are considerate of others are reckless drivers who pay no attention to traffic regulations.
2. All graduates of West Point are commissioned officers in the U.S. Army.
3. Some European cars are overpriced and underpowered automobiles.
4. No reptiles are warm-blooded animals.
5. Some professional wrestlers are elderly persons who are incapable of doing an honest days work.
EXERCISE B INSTRUCTIONS
State the obverses of the following propositions:
PROBLEMS
1. Some college athletes are professionals.
2. No organic compounds are metals.
3. Some clergy are not abstainers.
4. No geniuses are conformists.
5. All objects suitable for boat anchors are objects that weigh at least fifteen pounds.
EXERCISE C INSTRUCTIONS
State the contrapositives of the following propositions and indicate which of them are equivalent to the given propositions.
PROBLEMS
1. All journalists are pessimists.
2. Some soldiers are not officers.
3. All scholars are nondegenerates.
4. All things weighing less than fifty pounds are objects not more than four feet high.
5. Some noncitizens are not nonresidents.
EXERCISE D INSTRUCTIONS
If All socialists are pacifists is true, what may be inferred about the truth or falsehood of the following propositions? That is, which can be known to be true, which can be known to be false, and which are undetermined?
PROBLEMS
1. Some nonpacifists are not nonsocialists.
2. No socialists are nonpacifists.
3. All nonsocialists are nonpacifists.
4. No nonpacifists are socialists.
5. No nonsocialists are nonpacifists.
6. All nonpacifists are nonsocialists.
7. No pacifists are nonsocialists.
8. Some socialists are not pacifists.
9. All pacifists are socialists.
10. Some nonpacifists are socialists.
EXERCISE E INSTRUCTIONS
If No scientists are philosophers is true, what may be inferred about the truth or falsehood of the following propositions? That is, which can be known to be true, which can be known to be false, and which are undetermined?
PROBLEMS
1. No nonphilosophers are scientists.
2. Some nonphilosophers are not nonscientists.
3. All nonscientists are nonphilosophers.
4. No scientists are nonphilosophers.
5. No nonscientists are nonphilosophers.
6. All philosophers are scientists.
7. Some nonphilosophers are scientists.
8. All nonphilosophers are nonscientists.
9. Some scientists are not philosophers. No philosophers are nonscientists.
EXERCISE F INSTRUCTIONS
If Some saints were martyrs is true, what may be inferred about the truth or falsehood of the following propositions? That is, which can be known to be true, which can be known to be false, and which are undetermined?
PROBLEMS
1. All saints were martyrs.
2. All saints were nonmartyrs.
3. Some martyrs were saints.
4. No saints were martyrs.
5. All martyrs were nonsaints.
6. Some nonmartyrs were saints.
7. Some saints were not nonmartyrs.
8. No martyrs were saints.
9. Some nonsaints were martyrs.
10. Some martyrs were nonsaints.
11. Some saints were not martyrs.
12. Some martyrs were not saints.
13. No saints were nonmartyrs.
14. No nonsaints were martyrs.
15. Some martyrs were not nonsaints.
G. If Some merchants are not pirates is true, what may be inferred about the truth or falsehood of the following propositions? That is, which can be known to be true, which can be known to be false, and which are undetermined?
1. No pirates are merchants.
2. No merchants are nonpirates.
3. Some merchants are nonpirates.
4. All nonmerchants are pirates.
5. Some nonmerchants are nonpirates.
6. All merchants are pirates.
7. No nonmerchants are pirates.
8. No pirates are nonmerchants.
9. All nonpirates are nonmerchants.
10. Some nonpirates are not nonmerchants.
11. Some nonpirates are merchants.
12. No nonpirates are merchants.
13. Some pirates are merchants.
14. No merchants are nonpirates.
15. No merchants are pirates.
Introduction to Logic
RUBRIC |
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Excellent Quality 95-100%
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Introduction
45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Literature Support 91-84 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met. |
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Average Score 50-85% |
40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided. |
83-76 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration. |
52-49 points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met. |
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Poor Quality 0-45% |
37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided. |
75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration. |
48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met |
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Introduction to Logic