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Correlation Between Real and Perceived Hip Width
Although body (dis)satisfaction responses did not correlate with CI hip widths, a positive correlation emerged between real and perceived hip width for own abstract body representations for participants with more negative attitudes towards their body weight (as measured by the BESAA). Negative attitudes towards one’s own body have been associated with overestimation in both clinical samples such as anorexia nervosa13 and healthy controls72, although other studies report no influence of body attitudes on motor behavior driven by body representations using both explicit101–104 and implicit105 measures.
Our results suggest that, independent from the accuracy of the estimation, a positive relationship between real and perceived body size when judging own body in an abstract way is present for individuals with more negative attitudes towards body weight, which may be due to different attentional biases and allocation106–108.
Similarly, a positive correlation between real and perceived hip width for own abstract body representations was found for participants who underestimated their hip width. Interestingly, our analyses looking at diagnostic areas for the different body representations suggests that areas across the whole body were predictive for own abstract body representations within this group of participants specifically.
This indicates that under- versus over-estimators focused on different body parts, and that this might have influenced the relationship between mental body representations and real body size. Under-estimators did not only seem to use areas across the whole body for own abstract, but also for own concrete body representations, while over-estimators tended to focus on isolated clusters that were primarily located on one side of the body.
The latter finding is consistent with previous eye tracking research indicating that over-estimators show a bias towards one side of the body, more specifically the right upper torso/arm68, something which was especially apparent in the own abstract condition in the current study.
Accurate estimators, however, showed a distribution of diagnostic areas that was more evenly spread onto both sides of the body, suggesting that under-estimators in the current study (who seemingly used both sides of the torso and thighs) showed a pattern of distribution similar to patterns found in accurate estimators.
Furthermore, research also suggested that over-estimators tend to use less informative body areas to determine own body size (e.g. face, upper torso/arm68), while accurate self- assessment seems to depend on attention towards informative areas (e.g. thighs and central focus of the torso68, waist67). While our results indicate that over-estimators also focused on uninformative areas in the current study (e.g. arms), under-estimators seemed to employ a combination of both informative (e.g. waist and thighs) and uninformative areas (e.g. face) to determine their body representations when estimating their own body in both abstract and concrete ways.
A focus on uninformative areas has previously been related to avoidant behavior67, and/or local processing (i.e. focusing on specific body parts) of visual information109, while a focus on informative areas such as the central part of the torso68 and the thighs110 has been linked to BMI estimation.
Finally, ideal body representations for under-estimators seemed to be determined by areas around the waist and thighs across both sides of the body. This might suggest that when estimating ideal body representations, participants who under-estimate their body size distinctly use informative areas, possibly indicating the importance of these body representations45,63. Given the qualitative nature of these interpretations, the findings of these cluster analyses
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Correlation Between Real and Perceived Hip Width |
Correlation Between Real and Perceived Hip Width