Critical Appraisal Skills Programmed (CASP) Assessment Tool
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Critical Appraisal Skills Programmed (CASP) Assessment Tool
making sense of evidence
10 questions to help you make sense of qualitative research
This assessment tool has been developed for those unfamiliar with qualitative research and its theoretical perspectives. This tool presents a number of questions that deal very broadly with some of the principles or assumptions that characterize qualitative research. It is not a definitive guide and extensive further reading is recommended.
How to use this appraisal tool
Three broad issues need to be Considered when appraising the report of qualitative research:
- Rigour: has a thorough and appropriate approach been applied to
- key research methods in the study?
- Credibility: are the findings well presented and meaningful?
- Relevance: how useful are the findings to you and your organisation?
The 10 questions on the following pages are designed to help you think about these issues systematically.
The first two questions are screening questions and can be answered quickly. If the answer to both is “yes”, it is worth proceeding with the remaining questions.
A number of italicised prompts are given after each question. These are designed to remind you why the question is important. Record your reasons for your answers in the spaces provided.
The 10 questions have been developed by the national CASP collaboration for qualitative methodologies.
© Public Health Resource Unit, England (2006). All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Public Health Resource Unit. If permission is given, then copies must include this statement together with the words “© Public Health Resource Unit, England 2006”. However, NHS organisations may reproduce or use the publication for non-commercial educational purposes provided the source is acknowledged.
© Public Health Resource Unit, England (2006). All rights reserved.
I
I have completed this assignment with my group: Yes____ No___
Name of group members who completed this assignment:
I have completed individually completed this assignment: Yes____-No_____
Your name:
Provide a citation of the article using APA guidelines:
Using figure 1.1 in your text, what is the level of evidence for this article:
Screening Questions
Place and “X” by the yes or no
- Was there a clear statement of the aims D Yes D No
of the research? Justify answer and provide page number(s) found to support your response
Consider: Write comments/justification here:
· what the goal of the research was; · why it is important; · why it is relevant ·
·
- Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? D Yes D No
Consider: Write comments/justification here: provide page number(s) found to support your response
If the research seeks to interpret or illuminate the actions and/or subjective experiences of research participants; if information is found in the article, include page number
Is it worth continuing with this appraisal based on the responses of the previous two questions?
D Yes D No
Detailed questions
Appropriate research design
- Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research?
- D Yes D No
Consider: Write comments/justification here: provide page number(s) found to support your response
If the researcher has justified the research design (e.g. have they discussed how they decided which methods to use?) Sampling
- Was the recruitment strategy appropriate D Yes D No
to the aims of the research?
Consider: Write comments/justification here: provide page number(s) found to support your response
if the researcher has explained how the participants were selected
Data collection
- Were the data collected in a way that
addressed the research issue? D Yes D No
Consider: Write comments/justification here: provide page number(s) found to support your response
if the setting for data collection was justified if it is clear how data were collected (e.g. focus group, semi-structured interview etc) if the researcher has justified the methods chosen if the researcher has made the methods explicit (e.g. for interview method, is there an indication of how interviews were conducted, did they used a topic guide?) if methods were modified during the study. If so, has the researcher explained how and why? if the form of data is clear (e.g. tape recordings, video material, notes etc) if the researcher has discussed saturation of data Reflexivity (research partnership relations/recognition of researcher bias)
- Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? D Yes D No
Consider: Write comments/justification here: provide page number(s) found to support your response
if the researcher critically examined their own role, potential bias and influence during: formulation of research questions — data collection including sample recruitment and choice of location How the researcher responded to events during the study and whether they Considered the implications of any changes in the research design Ethical Issues
- Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? D Yes D No
Provide page number(s) to support your response
Consider: Write comments/justification here:
if there are sufficient details of how the research was explained to participants for the reader to assess whether ethical standards were maintained If the researcher has discussed issues raised by the study (e.g. issues around informed consent or confidentiality or how they have handled the effects of the study on the participants during and after the study) If approval has been sought from the ethics committee © Public Health Resource Unit, England (2006). All rights reserved.
Data Analysis
- Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous? D Yes D No
Consider: Write comments/justification here: provide page number(s) found to support your response
If there is an in-depth description of the analysis of processes If thematic analysis is used. If so, is it clear how the categories/themes were derived from the data Whether the researcher explains how the data presented were selected from the original sample to demonstrate the analysis process If sufficient data are presented to support the findings To what extent contradictory data are taken into account Whether the researcher critically examined their own role, potential bias and influence during analysis and selection of data for presentation Findings
- Is there a clear statement of findings? D Yes D No
Consider: Write comments/justification here: provide page number(s) found to support your response
If the findings are explicit If there is adequate discussion of the evidence both for and against the researcher’s arguments If the researcher has discussed the credibility of their findings (e.g. triangulation, respondent validation, more than one analyst) If the findings are discussed in relation to the original research questions Value of the research
How valuable is the research? Provide page number(s) found to support your response
9.
Consider: Write comments/justification here:
If the researcher discusses the contribution the study makes to existing knowledge or understanding (e.g. do they Consider the findings in relation to current practice or policy, or relevant research-based literature?) If they identify new areas where research is necessary If the researchers have discussed whether or how the findings can be transferred to other populations or Considered other ways the research may be used Additional consideration:
Write one paragraph regarding your scholarly thoughts of the findings of this research and how it might contribute to advancing nursing science. Additionally, discuss how this qualitative study contributes to evidence-based nursing practice? This response is not a summary of the research but addresses the questions indicated. If this is a group submission, you only need to write one paragraph, each group member does NOT need to write a separate paragraph.
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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