ENGG200 Future Tech Wireless Communications Umair Rehman
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ENGG200 Future Tech Wireless Communications Umair Rehman
ENGG200 – Introduction to Professional Engineering Macquarie University NSW 2013 Australia
umair.rehman@students.mq.edu.au 3 May 2013
Abstract—Wireless Communication is the most important development of its time. A decade ago who would have thought of there would be no hassle of the wires and technology would actually become wireless. The aim of the report is to compare how wireless technology has been developed with time and now how fast and easy it is compared to its past position. The results of the research show that engineers make advancements and surprise the audience. They are and will always surprise the new generation of their time and that is also the future vision of Microsoft.
- INTRODUCTION
M ICROSOFT is one of the few corporations, whichare always found in the list of the leaders of the computer technology. William H. Gates established it in 1975 and since then Microsoft has been known for its inventions and innovations and now recently they put forward their future vision of productivity. According to the videos they released, technology is everywhere. They believe that within 5-10 years everything will be replaced by technology, which would be fast and user friendly. A decade ago who would have thought that there would be a time when technology would be wireless.
Wireless communication is when information or any sort of data is being transferred from one point to another without any physical attachment. Distances can be short, such as a few meters for television remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep- space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable applications, including two- way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, and wireless networking. Other examples of wireless technology include GPS units, garage door openers, wireless computer mice, keyboards and headsets, headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television, broadcast television and cordless telephones. [1, ]
- MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
- Advancement of Mobile Wireless Internet
Advancement is a gradual process. Wireless communication is on the process for some time now. 2G were developed for voice communications. It was for sending data over 2G channels by using modem. It provided adat rates in the order of 9.6 kbps. Then after a while 3G systems were introduced. Its goal was for voice and data transmission, multi-megabit Internet access, voice-activated calls, and multimedia content. CDMA system evolved to CDMA2000. GSM, IS-136 and PDC evolved to W-CDMA (wideband CDMA)(also called
UMTS). It had up to 2.048 Mbps data-rates. 4G mobile technologies is the mobile race to innovation. Wireless systems were further improved and 4G systems came into being. It is best known for its seamless mobility (roaming). It allows to roam freely from one standard to another, Integrate different modes of wireless communications indoor networks (e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth); cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite communications, 100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility (local area), IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data, and video, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) several data streams within a single connection, Service Location Protocol (SLP)
- Demand Of Technology
The demand for ubiquitous personal communications is driving the development of new networking techniques that accommodate mobile voice and data users who move through- out buildings, cities or countries. The cellular telephone system is responsible for providing coverage throughout a particular territory, called a coverage region or market. The interconnec- tion of many such systems defines a wireless network capable of providing service to mobile users throughout a country or continent.
Multiple access schemes are used to allow many mobile users to share simultaneously a finite amount of radio spec- trum. The sharing of spectrum is required to achieve high capacity by simultaneously allocating the available bandwidth to multiple users. For high quality communications, this must be done without severe degradation in the performance of the system.
III. LTE (TELECOMMUNICATION)
- Long term evolution
LTE, an initialism of long-term evolution, marketed as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high- speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements.
- Overview
LTE is a standard for wireless data communications technol- ogy and an evolution of the GSM/UMTS standards. The goal of LTE was to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data networks using new DSP (digital signal processing) techniques
2 MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
and modulations that were developed around the turn of the millennium. A further goal was the redesign and simplifica- tion of the network architecture to an IP-based system with significantly reduced transfer latency compared to the 3G architecture. The LTE wireless interface is incompatible with 2G and 3G networks, so that it must be operated on a separate wireless spectrum.
Fig. 1. Network Speeds
- Features
-Peak download rates up to 299.6 Mbit/s and upload rates up to 75.4 Mbit/s
-Improved support for mobility, exemplified by support for terminals moving at up to 350 km/h (220 mph) or 500 km/h (310 mph) depending on the frequency band.
-Support for all frequency bands currently used by IMT systems by ITU-R. [2, ]
Figure2 In this figure We can see the growth of wireless communications from Year 1998 to 2012. It stated that how rapidly it increased the consumers throughout the years. [3, ]
Fig. 2. Growth of Wireless Communications
- Conclusion
Technology innovates time by time. There will be many other inventions in the future for which we cannot even think of and someone writing this same kind of report after 20 years would consider everything as old and slow, which I considered as the great advancements of the time. Wireless communica- tion surely has made life easy and quick and technology that is not wireless today may be available in future. The question might arise that how much more advancement will take place but do not forget that there is always room for improvement.
REFERENCES [1] I. Ltkebohle, BWorld Robot Control Software. http://aiweb.techfak.uni-
bielefeld.de/content/bworld-robot-control-software/, 2008, [Online; ac- cessed 19-July-2008].
[2] A. Berger, Hardware and computer organization. Oxford: electronic resource, 2005.
[3] [Online]. Available: http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics
ENGG200 Future Tech Wireless Communications Umair Rehman
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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