Indiana-Based Frank Pianki Industries Essay
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Indiana-Based Frank Pianki Industries Essay
The following Table details the tasks required for Indiana-based Frank Pianki Industries to manufacture a fully portable industrial vacuum cleaner. The times in the able are in minutes. Demand forecasts indicate a need to operate with a cycle time of 10 minutes.
Activity Activity Description Immeduate Predecessors Time
A Attach Wheels to Tub ___ 5
B Attach motor to lid ___ 1.5
C Attach battery pack B 3
D Attach safety cutoff C 4
E Attach Filters B 3
F Attach Lid to Tub A,E 2
G Assemble Attachments ___ 3
H Function Test D,F,G 3.5
I Final Inspection H 2
J Packing I 2A) Draw the appropriate precendence diagram for this production line.
B) Assign tasks to workstations and determine how much idle time is present in each cycle.
C) Discuss how this balance could be improved to 100%
D) what is the Theoretical minimum number of workstationsAre Colleges Greenwashing? By Chelsea Jones
When I began my undergraduate education years ago, the concept of sustainability was not wide-spread or such a buzz
word as it is today. Now an increasing number of colleges and universities are publicizing themselves as “sustainable” campuses. But given that there are numerous opinions of what defines sustainability, what do institutions really mean by these claims? Are campuses becoming guilty of greenwashing or are they truly embracing sustainable initiatives that are reflective of the school’s values? If the former, should there be any governmental oversight of this behavior? Greenwashing is defined as “disinformation disseminated by an organization so as to present an environmentally responsible public image.” It is typically associated with businesses who want to portray their products and/or practices as environmentally friendly, but either the “green” claims of the product are misleading or the business as a whole is incompatible with sustainable ideals. For example, Wal-Mart announced in 2005 that it would incorporate sustainability into its corporate strategy. The company has since stated that it is working on a goal to be supplied by 100% renewable energy and promised in 2010 to double its selection of “local” produce in stores from 4.5% to 9% within six years. As of 2011 less than 2% of Wal-Mart’s electricity consumption in the U.S. comes from renewable energy. It would take the company 300 years with this current pace to reach its 100% renewable energy goal. Additionally, Wal-Mart defines “local” as within the same state, meaning fruit grown around San Francisco, California could be labeled “local” in San Diego, California. These two initiatives heavily marketed by Wal-Mart are not in reality that sustainable and are very misleading. Before Wal-Mart announced its sustainability campaign, 38% of Americans reported having an unfavorable view of the company – a peak for Wal-Mart. As of 2010 that number dropped by almost half to 20%. Its revenue has increased nearly 35% from 2005 to 2010 without changing much else of its business model or practices – from $312 billion to $419 billion. That is the power of greenwashing.
Are colleges trying to benefit from greenwashing as well? A company starts to engage in greenwashing when its practices “don’t match up to the image they would like to have.” Theoretically, colleges could behave in this way as well – in order to attract more students or to obtain higher rankings, they may try to “green” their image without making any firm commitment to doing so. In April 2012, the Michigan State University (MSU) Board of Trustees adopted the “Energy Transition Plan (ETP),” declaring that MSU plans to have its energy needs met by 100% renewable energy and that it aims to be a leader in sustainability. Interestingly, MSU has the nation’s largest on-campus coal-burning power plant (the T.B. Simon Power Plant) and it burns 250,000 tons of coal each year. MSU’s power plant was named by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in January 2012 as the 25th biggest polluter in Michigan. In 2008, MSU was fined $27,000 by the EPA for high priority violations of excess sulfur dioxide emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions by the power plant. Could MSU be trying to combat this negative environmental image by touting lofty and unlikely to be realized sustainability goals? A group of its students think so. They claim that MSU is engaging in greenwashing by highly publicizing the ETP with its 100% renewable energy goal when it does not set a timeline to close the power plant. According to the ETP, the campus currently gets less than 2% of its power from renewable energy. The ETP presents a goal to have 40% of the campus’ energy be produced by renewable energy sources by 2030.
So is MSU actively engaging in greenwashing? While MSU’s ETP presents a schedule for increasing renewable energy use, unlike Wal-Mart, the timeline is still only tentative. MSU is not bound by this plan and it is subject to review and revision every five years according to the ETP. It also appears that it will take at least several decades before MSU will near its proclaimed goal of 100% of its energy be from renewable energy sources. To be fair, MSU has to start somewhere and it is unrealistic to expect them to reach their 100% renewable energy goal within the next few years. According to MSU’s President, Mary Sue Coleman, the University has embraced sustainability:
“With the pressing challenge of climate change, we are elevating our emphasis on sustainability at Michigan. From teaching and research, to hands-on engagement, we are going to leverage our many strengths so we can make significant contributions to solving a genuinely complicated problem.”
However, the problem with greenwashing is that the perpetrator is portraying itself as something it is not. Simply publicizing that the university is committed to sustainability and has a plan to be run by 100% renewable energy could make it appear to the average person that this goal will be attainable in the near future, when in reality it will not. Operating under the ETP is arguably contradictory when the view out of most campus classrooms is the nation’s largest campus coal power plant.
Surprisingly, MSU received a B+ on the College Sustainability Report Card (CSRC) in 2011. The CSRC is an independent evaluator of campus and endowment sustainability activities in colleges and universities and seeks to encourage sustainable initiatives on campuses in nine categories. Shockingly, MSU’s score in the Climate Change & Energy category was an A. One possible explanation is that the information gathered to evaluate each school is done on a voluntary reporting basis where CSRC sends each school several surveys to complete. The CSRC gives a brief explanation for MSU’s A rating, stating that MSU decreased its green house gas emissions by 7% and is committed to a 15% reduction by 2015. But this seems to pale in comparison to what other schools have been doing (e.g. Carleton College has installed its second campus wind-turbine and the turbines can meet approximately 40% of the campus’ annual electricity demand). The arbitrariness of various sustainability rankings has left many schools frustrated. If you look for a more detailed explanation for this grade in the survey that MSU completed, the CSRC notes that
Indiana-Based Frank Pianki Industries Essay
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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