Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) in DBMS
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Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) in DBMS
Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) is a technique used in Database Management Systems (DBMS) to manage concurrency control in a multi-user environment. In a multi-user environment, multiple users can access and modify the same data concurrently. MVCC ensures that data integrity is maintained and that the system can handle multiple transactions without any conflicts or data loss.
The basic idea behind MVCC is to allow multiple versions of a data item to exist at the same time. Each version represents a different state of the data item, and the system keeps track of the transaction that created the version. This allows different transactions to access different versions of the same data item without interfering with each other.
When a transaction reads a data item, it sees the version of the data item that was committed at the time the transaction started. This means that if another transaction modifies the data item, the first transaction will not see the changes until it starts a new transaction. This ensures that each transaction sees a consistent view of the database.
When a transaction modifies a data item, the system creates a new version of the data item and assigns a new transaction ID to it. The new version becomes the current version, and other transactions continue to see the old version until they start a new transaction. This allows multiple transactions to modify the same data item concurrently without interfering with each other.
MVCC uses two key techniques to manage concurrency control: locking and versioning. Locking is used to prevent two transactions from modifying the same data item at the same time. Versioning is used to ensure that each transaction sees a consistent view of the database.
In MVCC, read operations do not block write operations and write operations do not block read operations. This means that multiple transactions can read the same data item concurrently, and a write operation can be performed while other transactions are reading the same data item.
One of the advantages of MVCC is that it reduces the need for locking. In a traditional locking-based concurrency control system, a transaction must lock a data item before it can read or modify it. This can lead to contention and performance problems. With MVCC, transactions do not need to lock data items before reading them, which reduces contention and improves performance.
In conclusion, MVCC is a technique used in DBMS to manage concurrency control in a multi-user environment. It allows multiple versions of a data item to exist at the same time and uses locking and versioning to ensure data integrity and consistency. MVCC reduces the need for locking, improves performance, and provides a consistent view of the database to each transaction.
Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) in DBMS
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