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Successful African American School Leaders Of Change
successful African American school leaders of change are “resonant leaders” who inspire
their stakeholders to recognize a problem and find solutions to solve it. When school leaders are
able to innovate, they are able to achieve transformative changes (Hallinger & Heck, 1998).
Heifetz (1994) stated that the most important benefit of a leader is the capacity to achieve an
activity where conflicts due to competing perspectives are addressed. Nevertheless, school
leaders must “engage people in facing a challenge, adjusting their values, changing their
perspectives, and developing new habits” (Heifetz & Laurie, 1997, p. 134).
Successful Leadership
According to Vargo (2005), the terms “visionary,” “integrity,” “academic excellence,”
“bridge builder,” and “understanding of different cultures” (p. 2) are some of the major attributes
that are necessary to becoming a successful and effective superintendent. According to Kirst
(1993), a successful superintendent has an intellectual image of what exceptional instruction is
and is aware of how to accomplish schedules that will enhance teaching and learning. The
majority of the studies on the responsibilities of the superintendent furnish unclear suggestions of
successful leadership attributes. Therefore, leadership styles are not linked to district or student
achievements. However, a successful educational leader can occur in all ethnicities, dimensions,
age groups and mentalities. Differences are discovered when one looks at two particular physical
attributes of educational leaders: gender and race. The Texas Education Agency (2015) stated
that student populations across the state are 51.8% Hispanic, 29.4% Anglo, 12.7% African
American and 3.7% Asian. Texas has 1,025 school districts, of which 27 are African American
superintendents and 7 are female African American.
Current Trends
Currently, the issues of African American men in school leadership may seem somewhat
outdated. These concerns are placed in the far parts of our minds because we are now dealing
with other important things such as social issues, at-risk students and reduced resources. a
successful superintendent is able to have a political acuity that includes being able to handle and
balance contradictory interests, guiding school boards and community stakeholders, clear
dialoguing, sharing credit with others, accountability and knowing how to negotiate among
different community stakeholders and ethnicities. Superintendents should be able to handle
complicated organizations, insist on high standards, maintain financial integrity and recognize
the power of expertise and capability of staff and position them in employment where they will
be more effective and successful.
Role of the Superintendent
Superintendents serve as board CEOs on educational affairs and as district educational
leaders. They are accountable for assuring the school board is notified concerning district
business, activities and district requirements. They create administrative plans required to
supervise district day-to-day business properly and in agreement with board policy. These
procedures must be in compliance with all laws, rules and regulations that pertain to the district
(Reeves, 2009).
Research in Higher Education Journal Volume 37
Experiences of African, Page 5
Six superintendent standards and excellence are required to ensure student success:
staff professional growth;
contexts. (Council of Chief Staff School Officers, 2008, p. 19)
Leadership, Learning, and Gender Development
In an effort to develop successful predicators to leadership, Evers and Lakomski (1991)
divided organizational leadership into three sections: (a) the behavioral scientific approach, (b)
the scientific management and (c) the human relations approach. The origin of this system was
first addressed as early as 1918 and as late as 1945. They have evolved into other major theories.
RUBRIC |
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Excellent Quality 95-100%
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Introduction
45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Literature Support 91-84 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met. |
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Average Score 50-85% |
40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided. |
83-76 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration. |
52-49 points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met. |
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Poor Quality 0-45% |
37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided. |
75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration. |
48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met |
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Successful African American School Leaders Of Change |
Successful African American School Leaders Of Change