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Instructions:
Understanding Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership
Describe how understanding trait-based perspectives of leadership can have an
impact on your learning?
Toolbox
Trait-based theory
References
Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American Psychologist, 62,
6–16.
Zaccaro, S. J., Kemp, C., & Bader, P. (2004). Leader traits and attributes. In J. Antonakis,
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Q&A
Address any issues from prior session.
7.1 Objective
Define the concept of physical fitness.
Whole Task Objectives
Understand the concept of goals and objectives.
Describe factors affecting your personal development.
Relevancy
Diet is a part of the formula for successful resiliency. A good diet permits one to
benefit from a regimen of exercise.
Fitness – if it came in a bottle, everybody would have a great body. –Cher
Prior Learning
You have obtained some personal baseline measures. The Estimated Energy
Requirement (EER) provides the number of kcal of energy you need per day in order to
meet your expected body needs.
You identified the six nutrients essential to a healthy lifestyle. You calculated your
carbohydrate needs, protein needs, maximum fat limit, and water requirements.
Finally, you developed a diet that is both healthy and interesting.
Pretest
What does physical fitness mean to you?
Do you feel you are physically fit? Rate your confidence from 0 to 100, 0 being totally
unconfident, and 100 being totally confident.
Activity
Singh, Bennett, and Deuster (1999) use the American College of Sports Medicine
(ACSM) definition of physical fitness as a set of characteristics (i.e., the work capacity
of your heart and lungs, the strength and endurance of your muscles, and the
flexibility of your joints) that relate to your ability to perform physical activities.
According to the 2007 updated Guidelines for healthy adults under age 65, the
American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association
(AHA) you should strive for moderately intense cardio 30 minutes a day, five days a
week, or vigorously intense cardio 20 minutes a day, 3 days a week, and do eight to 10
strength-training exercises, eight to 12 repetitions of each exercise twice a week.
Moderate-intensity physical activity means working hard enough to raise your heart
rate and break a sweat, yet still being able to carry on a conversation. The 30-minute
recommendation is for the average healthy adult to maintain health and reduce the
risk for chronic disease. The “more is better” concept included in the current
recommendations suggests that 30 minutes yields general health benefits. But, 60 to
90 minutes yield prevention of weight gain and weight maintenance for some people.
Given the definition of physical fitness and your lifestyle, which of the following
schedules works best for you? Do you prefer, for example, (a) moderately intense
cardio 30 minutes a day, five days a week, or (b) vigorously intense cardio 20 minutes a
day, 3 days a week, and do eight to 10 strength-training exercises, eight to 12
repetitions of each exercise twice a week?
Follow-up
What is a benefit of being fit?
Given your physical makeup and your lifestyle, do you anticipate changing your
physical activity or duration of activity? Explain.
Whole Task Objectives Follow-up
How might the concept of physical fitness relate to goals and objectives?
How might the concept of physical fitness relate to your understanding of factors
affecting your personal development?
Toolbox Physical fitness
7.2 Objective
Describe the importance of the Exercise Sequence.
Whole Task Objectives
Understand the concept of goals and objectives
Describe factors affecting your personal development.
Relevancy
How does one minimize the risk of injury when exercising?
The will to win is important, but the will to prepare is vital. –Joe Paterno
Prior Learning
You found that, for beneficial effect, you should strive for moderately intense cardio 30
minutes a day, five days a week, or vigorously intense cardio 20 minutes a day, 3 days a
week, and do eight to 10 strength-training exercises, eight to 12 repetitions of each
exercise twice a week.
Pretest
Do you perform any warming up or cooling down processes when exercising?
Activity
Singh, Bennett, and Deuster (1999) suggest the following exercise sequence of (1)
Warming up for about five minutes to gradually increase muscle temperature,
metabolism, and blood flow, (2) Dynamic stretching of controlled muscle contractions
through a joint’s range of motion, (3) Physical activity session, (4) Cooling–down for
five minutes to reduce muscle soreness by exercising at a light pace, and (5) Static
stretching of slow, controlled movements through a full range of motion where the
stretch is held at the end of the joint’s range of motion.
The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association
(AHA) suggest exercising in short bouts throughout the day when trying to fit physical
activity into a busy schedule. Further, mix up combinations of moderate and
vigorous-intensity physical activity over the course of the week. Establish a schedule
for exercising and consider involving your family.
Does your exercise sequence differ from that described by the authors? Explain.
Follow-up
Does the exercise sequence have application to your lifestyle?
Whole Task Objectives Follow-up
How might the concept of exercise sequence relate to goals and objectives?
How might the concept of exercise sequence relate to your understanding of factors
affecting your personal development?
Toolbox Exercise sequence
7.3 Objective
Define the concept of cardio-respiratory physiology.
Whole Task Objectives
Understand the concept of goals and objectives
Describe factors affecting your personal development.
Relevancy
So exercising begins to make sense. But, where does one begin?
The word aerobics came about when the gym instructors got together and said, “If we’re going to charge $10 an hour, we can’t call it jumping up and down.” –Rita Rudner
Prior Learning
You found that, for beneficial effect, you should strive for moderately intense cardio 30
minutes a day, five days a week, or vigorously intense cardio 20 minutes a day, 3 days a
week. In conjunction with the exercise, an exercise sequence should be considered to
minimize injury.
Pretest
How confident are you that you understand the reasons for performing cardio-
respiratory exercise? Rate your confidence from 0 to 100, 0 being totally unconfident,
and 100 being totally confident.
Activity
According to Singh, Bennett, and Deuster (1999) the intent of cardio-respiratory
training is to place greater demands on the heart than what is required during rest
resulting in a stronger heart that can pump more blood, deliver more oxygen to the
body per heart beat, and maintain a lower resting heart rate.
The benefits of cardio-respiratory, or aerobic, conditioning include: stronger heart
and lower resting heart rate; increased aerobic capacity and muscle endurance;
maintenance of a healthy body and management of stress; increased physical
performance; and subsequent increased muscle tone and enhanced overall physical
appearance. Improved physical appearance has a decidedly positive impact on your
sense of well being and resiliency.
Are you performing any cardio-respiratory exercise? Explain.
Follow-up
What are three objectives of cardio-respiratory training?
Whole Task Objectives Follow-up
How might the concept of cardio-respiratory training relate to goals and objectives?
How might the concept of cardio-respiratory training relate to your understanding of
factors affecting your personal development?
Toolbox Cardio-respiratory training
7.4 Objective
Demonstrate an ability to calculate a target heart rate.
Whole Task Objectives
Understand the concept of goals and objectives
Describe factors affecting your personal development.
Relevancy
Just how hard do I need to exercise? How do I establish a measure for measuring the
desired effect of the exercise?
We do not stop exercising because we grow old – we grow old because we stop exercising. –Dr. Kenneth Cooper
Prior Learning
You found that, for beneficial effect, you should strive for cardio-respiratory training.
In conjunction with the exercise, an exercise sequence should be considered to
minimize injury.
Pretest
How might you measure the intensity of your exercise?
Activity
The Intensity of exercise can be estimated by determining your target heart rates.
Measure your pulse by locating the vein in the wrist, placing your finger tips on the
vein, counting the beats over ten seconds, and multiplying that value by six to obtain
your heart rate or the Beats per Minute (BPM).
My current resting heart rate is ____________________ BPM.
Calculate your Age-Predicted Maximum Heart Rate.
Age-Predicted Maximum HR = 220 – your age in years
My Age-Predicted Maximum HR is ______________ BPM.
Calculate your Target HR Zone by identifying your 60% and 90% maximum heart
rates.
60% Maximum HR = your age predicted maximum HR x 0.6
My 60% Maximum HR is _____________ BPM.
90% Maximum HR = your age predicted maximum HR x 0.9
My 90% Maximum HR is _____________ BPM.
My Target HR Zone is ____________ to ____________ BPM.
Follow-up
How does age affect predicted heart rates?
Whole Task Objectives Follow-up
How might calculating heart rates relate to your understanding of factors affecting
your personal development?
Toolbox Heart Rate Target HR Zone
7.5 Objective
Define the FITT Principle for cardio-respiratory training.
Whole Task Objectives
Understand the concept of goals and objectives
Describe factors affecting your personal development.
Relevancy
Get a handle on understanding and adjusting your cardio-respiratory training.
It’s lack of faith that makes people afraid of meeting challenges, and I believed in myself. –Muhammad Ali
RUBRIC |
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Excellent Quality 95-100%
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Introduction
45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Literature Support 91-84 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met. |
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Average Score 50-85% |
40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided. |
83-76 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration. |
52-49 points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met. |
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Poor Quality 0-45% |
37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided. |
75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration. |
48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met |
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Understanding Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership |
Understanding Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership