A Comparison of Gait Biomechanics of Flip-Flops
Order ID:89JHGSJE83839 Style:APA/MLA/Harvard/Chicago Pages:5-10 Instructions:
A Comparison of Gait Biomechanics of Flip-Flops
Respond to the 5 post below (75-100 words per post).
DUE Saturday August 10, 2019
Response 1: Scott W
I found the first article very interesting as I have spoken about the importance of a person’s gait and even shoe wear in previous weeks. The first part that grabbed
my attention was “In addition, the smaller peak dorsiflexion after mid-stance (Figure 2A) may suggest a stiffer ankle complex from heel strike to mid-stance in the
open-toe shoes and barefoot compared to shoes.” (Zhang, Paquette, Zhang, 2013). I was not shocked about the barefoot comparison having an effect on the
ankle, but I will say I was intrigued by the open toe having an effect. Later in the article, the author shares how the research concluded the role of the heel in the
modern running shoes plays a significant role in the overall biomechanics of an individual’s gait. After having read that, I will say that I have not spent a significant
amount of time looking into that portion of an open toe sandal. However, I do know that there are certain shoes (women’s fashion) that have a built up heel
around an open toe shoe. I have recently completed a gait analysis running test to examine my own gait. After completing a gait analysis test (which was really
eye opening as I never realized that I swing my right left out close to 30 degrees) he recommended that I wear a shoe with a significant drop in my heel.
Response 2: Delania A.
After reading the article, “Gait modifications to change lower extremity gait biomechanics in runners: a systematic review” I was familiar with most runners not
being able to return to their sport due to measures including rearfoot eversion, vertical loading rate and foot strike index (Napier et al., 2015). It is very important
that runners wear the proper shoes, the main thing they want to look for when looking for running shoes is to get shoes that support their foot and are light while
they are running. According to Napier et al (2015), most running injuries occur due to orthotics, shoes, the absence of shoes, as well as changing surfaces. The
changes that occur in a runner hip from a kinematics aspect were very interesting to me. Hip angle at initial contact showed decreased flexion in those people
who ran forefoot (people who run on balance) and barefoot (Napier et al., 2015). One thing that stood out to me the most was the research discovery during the
vertical impact peak. During the vertical impact peak the step length and step frequency manipulation and peak-positive acceleration feedback was reduced
(Napier et al., 2015). A theory was tested in order to reduce vertical impact peak by including hip adduction angle retraining, and foot strike manipulation and pose
technique were factors that did reduce vertical impact peak (Napier et al., 2015). The effects of gait modification on kinetic measures had an impact on many
things. One thing that was affected by gait modification on kinetic measures was the significance that impact loading had as the injury risk factors (Napier at al.,
2015).
Response 3: Kendra C.
I remember growing up I never really wore shoes when I played outside with the other neighborhood kids, or if I did wear something, they were flip flops but just
were thrown off as soon as I got outside. I felt like putting shoes on was a waste of time and that they just got in my way. Previous research studies suggest that
wearing lightweight and minimally supportive footwear such as flipflops and sandals during childhood has an effect on foot arch development. Although minimal
open-toe footwear (e.g., flip-flops, sandals) worn at a young age may be more beneficial in developing normal foot arches in adulthood compared to closed-toe
shoes, their long-term effects in adult populations are still relatively unknown (Zhang et al., 2013). What I found interesting is when the article was talking about
how a number of studies have investigated the biomechanical implications of walking in flip-flops compared to barefoot and/or closed-toe footwear. The article
showed that walking in flip-flops resulted in a shorter stride length, a shorter stance time, a smaller braking ground reaction force (GRF) impulse, and a larger
]ankle contact angle compared to running shoes in both men and women (Zhang et al., 2013). The results of this article were also interesting to me. I have not r
eally thought much about the difference when it comes to the gait biomechanics of walking in flip flops, sandals, barefoot, and shoes
Response 4: Adam Jent
As I began to read the various articles posted this week, I was initially drawn to this particular topic. Immediately, Zhang, Paquette, and Zhang (2013) presented
an argument that states the early childhood habits regarding the type of footwear primarily worn can directly impact the structural qualities of the foot. What I did
not expect to follow was a claim that footwear like sandals and flip-flops, while being light weight and containing minimal support, actually provide the benefit of
helping a young child in arch development. As a child, I rarely wore sandals or flip-flops and could often be found running around in basic tennis shoes. I now
have a better appreciation for a possible contributing factor to the minimal arch I have had throughout childhood and now into adulthood. Although I do not
generally have any issues due to low arches, I am curious if my situation would be the same had I been placed in these other types of footwear as a child.
Response 5: Josh Young
The first article I chose was “A Comparison of Gait Biomechanics of Flip-Flops, Sandals, Barefoot and Shoes”. I chose this article because I treat a lot of
feet/ankle injuries. Starting out, the article mentioned that sandals and flip-flops are light-weight and comfortable (Zhang, Zhang, & Paquette, 2013), to which I
completely agree. Adding to that, however, I am from Houston, TX and it is very hot and humid here for a large part of the year, so sandals and flip-flops are a
common shoe type because it is a cooler option than keeping your feet in closed-toe shoes for long periods of time. Right or wrong, many people here wear some
sort of open-toe shoes, self-included. Biomechanically, it appears that closed toe shoes are the better option. They allow the ankle to be more dorsiflexed at
contact, allow for more plantarflexion, and provide more cushioning to absorb shock (Zhang, Zhang, & Paquette, 2013). It makes sense, then, that wearing a
closed toe shoe is important when doing any kind of activity with impact. I found it interesting that shoes had a lower peak propulsive ground reaction force than
the other three options (Zhang, Zhang, & Paquette, 2013). I would have thought that as supportive as shoes are, there would have been more GRFs. I had to read
the explanation as to why the GRFs were lower several times before I understood it. Shoes allow for the highest contact angle (dorsiflexion) between the four
options. Barefoot has the lowest contact angle (relatively flatter foot) than sandals or flip-flops, but compared to shoes they have a flat contact angle as well.
Because of this lesser contact angle, more GRFs are needed to allow for the heel-to-forefoot translation during walking. After reading this article, when I think about it, I realize that I actually struggle to walk in flip-flops. It seems harder to stay balanced and I definitely can not walk as fast.
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
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Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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