Causes, Types and Symptoms of Anemia Essay by Nicole Wilcox
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Causes, Types and Symptoms of Anemia Essay by Nicole Wilcox
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Anemia is defined when blood has a lower-than-normal amount of red blood cells (hemoglobin) (National Heat Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2016). When a patient is diagnosed with anemia, the body doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood (NHLBI, 2016). Anemia has different causes and there are different types (NHLBI, 2016). Anemia can results from impaired erythrocyte production, blood loss, increased erythrocyte destruction or a combination of these factors (Huether & McCance, 2017). Symptoms of anemia depend on how severe, but can include pale mucus membranes, shortness of breath with or without exertion, dizziness and fatigue (Huether & McCance, 2017).
Anemia affects approximately 25% of the population (Warner & Kamran, 2018). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia affecting 50% of patient diagnosed with anemia (Warner & Kamran, 2018). IDA can occur due to inadequate dietary intake or blood loss (Huether & McCance, 2017). IDA happens over stages, first the body’s iron stored red blood cell production is depleted, then insufficient amounts of iron are transported to the marrow causing red cell production to begin, finally the deficient red blood cells replace the aged erythrocytes and IDA starts (Heuther & McCance, 2017). It is vital to correct the reason for IDA prior to replacement (Huether & McCance, 2017). When addressing the reason such as stopping blood loss iron replacement therapy is effective (Huether & McCance, 2017).
The second most common form of anemia is chronic inflammatory anemia (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [NIDDK], 2019). Chronic Inflammatory Anemia is caused by conditions that cause inflammation, common conditions are infections, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and kidney disease (NIDDK, 2019). While IDA will cause iron in the body to be depleted chronic inflammatory anemia may have a normal amount of iron stored in the body (NIDDK, 2019). The inflammation in the body may prevent the body from using the stored iron to make new red blood cells (NIDDK, 2019). Although chronic inflammatory anemia causes the hemoglobin to be low is usually is not severely low causing this condition to be mild to moderate (NIDDK, 2019).
References
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [NIDDK], (2019). Anemia of inflammation or chronic disease. What is anemia of inflammation?Retrieved from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/blood-diseases/anemia-inflammation-chronic-disease
National Heat Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI], (2016). Iron-deficiency anemia. Retrieved from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia
Warner, M.J. & Kamran, M.T. (2018). Anemia, iron deficiency. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448065/
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RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
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37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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