Cesare Beccaria Influence on Modern Corrections
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Cesare Beccaria Influence on Modern Corrections
Using the course materials, textbook, library, and Web resources, research, list, and discuss 5 specific ways in which Cesare Beccaria’s work in Essays on Crimes and Punishment (1764) is still relevant to how offenders are treated in the criminal justice system today.
Assignment Guidelines:
Research Cesare Beccaria, his contributions to penology, and his influence on modern corrections.
In 4–6 paragraphs, address the following:
List and explain 5 ways that his work is still relevant to corrections, criminal justice, and the treatment of offenders today.
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
Post a new topic to the Discussion Board that contains your responses pertaining to the above information.
Comment on at least 2 other students’ posts, and offer and explain to them another reason, different from their original 5, why Cesare Beccaria’s work is still relevant today.
non-value-adding time in the supply chain, dramatic reduction in working capi- tal can be achieved. So many companies have lived with low inventory turns for so long that they assume that it is a feature of their industry and that nothing can be done. They are also possibly not motivated to give working capital reduction a higher priority because an unrealistically low cost of capital is often used in deci- sion making.
Tax minimisation
In today’s increasingly global economy, organisations have choices as to where they can locate their assets and activities. Because tax regimes are different coun- try by country, location decisions can have an important impact on after-tax free cash flow. It is not just corporate taxes on profits that are affected, but also prop- erty tax and excise duty on fuel. Customs regulations, tariffs and quotas become further considerations, as do rules and regulation on transfer pricing. For large global companies with production facilities in many different countries and with dispersed distribution centres and multiple markets, supply chain decisions can significantly affect the total tax bill and hence shareholder value.
The role of cash flow in creating shareholder value There is general agreement with the view of Warren Buffet3 that ultimately the value of a business to its owners is determined by the net present value of the free cash flow occurring from its operations over its lifetime. Thus the challenge to managers seeking to enhance shareholder value is to identify strategies that can directly or indirectly affect free cash flow. Srivastava et al.4 have suggested that the value of any strategy is inherently driven by:
1 an acceleration of cash flows because risk and time adjustments reduce the value of later cash flows;
2 an increase in the level of cash flows (e.g. higher revenues and/or lower costs, working capital and fixed investment);
3 a reduction in risk associated with cash flows (e.g. through reduction in both volatility and vulnerability of future cash flows) and hence, indirectly, the firm’s cost of capital; and
4 the residual value of the business (long-term value can be enhanced, for example, by increasing the size of the customer base).
In effect, what Srivastava et al. are suggesting is that strategies should be evalu- ated in terms of how they either enhance or accelerate cash flow. Those strategic objectives can be graphically expressed as a cumulative distribution of free cash flow over time (see Figure 3.5) with the objective of building a greater cumula- tive cash flow, sooner. Obviously the sooner cash is received and the greater the amount then the greater will be the net present value of those cash flows. In recent years a number of studies have been conducted which highlight the connection between supply chain excellence and financial performance. A study by Accenture5 in 2003 in collaboration with INSEAD Business School in France and
Cesare Beccaria Influence on Modern Corrections
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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