Code of Ethics of the Society of Toxicology
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Code of Ethics of the Society of Toxicology
health, or to the environment, then that substance may never reach the marketplace. Alternatively, animal safety studies in combination with relevant information in humans can demonstrate that lower doses of some medicines may produce the same beneficial effects with a reduction in side effects. Products previously available only by prescription can then be released.
Recent examples include medicines used to treat inflammation and stomach ulcers. We all benefit from their increased availability and lower price as well as their pharmacologic properties. Animals also benefit from medicines originally developed for human use. In addition, research leads to useful safety and first aid label statements. These labels provide consumers with information to make wise choices about appropriate use. Toxicologists, using animal studies to validate results, provide a critical level of protection while enabling the use of products for an enhanced quality of life.
Avoiding Too Much of a Good Thing—All chemicals may cause harm, depending on the dose of the exposure. Toxicologists help determine the appropriate level of exposure, develop the understanding of how chemicals cause injury and, in addition, their studies provide treatment
alternatives in the event of poisoning. Information gained from research with animals is used by Poison Centers worldwide, where the majority of calls concern children under the age of five. How does a caregiver know what to do when a child drinks a household cleaner? The caregiver can call the Poison Center to learn the best action to take, based upon information from scientific studies conducted by toxicologists.
Safe Environment—Both animal and non-animal research is used to study the potential health problems associated with the world around us, including exposures to industrial processes, air pollution, soil and water contamination, hazardous waste and natural toxins. Toxicologists use these studies to determine how much of a substance is safe and how much might be hazardous. Use of lead in paints and gasoline resulted in high exposure to lead in homes and along highways. Studies with mice, for example, have demonstrated that even small amounts of lead can affect the nervous system and behavior. These effects were only evident in humans by subsequently conducting long- term studies that measured exposure in very large numbers of people. Then the importance of reducing lead exposure was clear.
Position Statement Regarding the Use of Animals in Toxicology the Society of Toxicology is dedicated to the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge that improves the health and safety of humans and animals and the protection of their environment.
To fulfill this objective, the Society is committed to:
the design and conduct of the best possible scientific research;
the responsible use of laboratory animals in toxicological research and testing as necessary and vital to ensure and enhance the quality of human and animal health and the environment;
the development and use of alternatives to the use of animals;
the use of research designs that employ less painful or stressful procedures and improve animal care; and
a reduction in the number of animals used for research and testing when this is scientifically appropriate and valid.
The Code of Ethics of the Society of Toxicology states that each member shall observe the spirit as well as the letter of the laws, regulations and ethical standards with regard to the welfare of humans and animals involved in any experimental procedures.
Code of Ethics of the Society of Toxicology
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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