Housing Crisis Since the American Civil War
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Housing Crisis Since the American Civil War
216 9 : M E T R O P O L I TA N P R O B L E M S
200,000 people were once again living in New Orleans, less than half of the prestorm
population.
Two years after the disaster, criticism of the U.S. government’s response to the
massive destruction of mostly African-American neighborhoods with their modestly
priced homes still reverberate to the detriment of America’s reputation. The
clear pattern has been to keep displaced poor people from returning by failing to
rebuild low-income housing. According to the Association of City Mayors: “Despite
Hurricane Katrina causing the worst affordable housing crisis since the American
Civil War, HUD is spending $762 million in taxpayer funds to tear down over
4,600 public-housing subsidized apartments and replace them with 744 similarly
subsidized units—an 82 percent reduction. . . . HUD plans to build an additional
1,000 market rate and tax credit units—which will still result in a net loss of 2,700
apartments to New Orleans—the remaining new apartments will cost an average of
over $400,000 each!”
The removal of poor and black people from New Orleans by an opportunistic
government seems to have been for the benefit of real estate interests initially. Private
market entrepreneurs have been allowed to operate by constructing nonsubsidized
dwellings at a profit, and this past summer New Orleans was reported to be
the fastest growing city in the country.
The case study of Hurricane Katrina and the ongoing failure of the federal government
to provide adequately for the victims can inspire extreme cynicism, especially
in regard to former president George W. Bush’s administration. However, it
also has important heuristic value. It demonstrates society’s lack of commitment to
help the less affluent with low-income and affordable housing; it shows how powerful
interests in real estate influence the actions, if not the policies of the federal government;
and it clearly indicates that when natural disasters strike, it is the poor
whose needs are neglected and it is the poor who suffer most. All of these conclusions
can be derived from our sociospatial approach. It is not surprising that capital
is now flowing back into New Orleans at a substantial rate and that the poor and
the black has been replaced by more affluent Americans due to hurricane recovery
policies of housing and urban renewal.
In August 2009, the Associated Press ran an article updating the situation in
New Orleans. Among its observations, it reported:
By one estimate, 36 percent of New Orleans’ housing is empty, and . . . there is no
clear indication when or whether it will be rebuilt. While grace periods for many
mortgage holders after the storm helped New Orleans avoid the high foreclosure
rates other cities have seen, many homeowners haven’t yet decided whether to re-
Box 9.1 continued
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Housing Crisis Since the American Civil War
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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