Racism and Poverty As Metropolitan Problems
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Racism and Poverty As Metropolitan Problems
R A C I S M A N D P O V E R T Y 215
Hurricane Katrina
Formed on August 23, 2005, and hitting New Orleans on Monday, August 29,
Hur ricane Katrina was the largest natural disaster in U.S. history with estimated
damages at more than $100 billion, and one of the five deadliest. “The federal
flood protection system in New Orleans failed at more than fifty places. Nearly
every levee in metro New Orleans was breached as Hurricane Katrina passed just
east of the city limits. Eventually 80% of the city became flooded and also large
tracts of neighboring parishes, and the floodwaters lingered for weeks. At least
1,836 people lost their lives in the actual hurricane and in the subsequent floods.”
Initially, hundreds of thousands of residents were displaced, with many having to
start new lives in other cities. Four years later, thousands of former residents continued
to live in makeshift trailers, some of which were discovered to be giving off
toxic fumes. Reports and several books have blasted the Bush administration’s handling
of this massive disaster along with the dubious choice of former president
Bush’s appointed head of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA,
Michael D. Brown.
“In a September 26, 2005, hearing, former FEMA chief Michael Brown testified
before a U.S. House subcommittee about FEMA’s response. During that hearing,
Representative Steven Boyer (R-IN) inquired as to why President Bush’s declaration
of state of emergency of August 27 had not included the coastal parishes of Orleans,
Jefferson, and Plaquemines. (In fact, the declaration did not include any of Louisiana’s
coastal parishes, whereas the coastal counties were included in the declarations
for Mississippi and Alabama.) Brown testified that this was because Louisiana governor
Blanco had not included those parishes in her initial request for aid, a decision
that he found “shocking.” After the hearing, Blanco released a copy of her letter,
which showed she had requested assistance for “all the southeastern parishes [but
not by name], including the New Orleans metropolitan area and the mid-state Interstate
I-49 corridor and northern parishes along the I-20 corridor that are accepting
[evacuated citizens].” “Brownie, you’re doing a heck of job!” is now the famous
quote by an oblivious George Bush that captures the incompetence of his administration’s
response to the great human tragedy.
The disaster response to Katrina redistributed over 1 million people from the central
Gulf Coast elsewhere across the United States—the largest diaspora in the history
of the United States. Houston, Texas, had an increase of 35,000 people; Mobile, Alabama,
gained over 24,000; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, over 15,000; and Hammon,
Louisiana, received over 10,000, nearly doubling its size. Chicago received over
6,000 people, the most of any non-southern city. By late January 2006, about
Box 9.1
continues
Racism and Poverty As Metropolitan Problems
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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