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Instructions:
PSY Continuing Developments in Psychology Discussion Assignment
For each DQ elaborate within 260-300 words. Use in text citations accordingly. Use scholarly reference(s) along with the one(s) attached as well. Use and cite references using APA 7th Style Guide accordingly. Doctoral level class.
DQ 1) Consider the views of B. F. Skinner and Noam Chomsky on language acquisition and the “nature-nurture” debate of human language capacity. Which of these was more accurate? Why?
DQ 2) Imagine that an existential psychotherapist and a Freudian psychoanalyst encounter the same scenario where a person seeks help with recurring episodes of serious anxiety. Which of these therapists do you believe might most accurately attribute the cause or origin of the person’s anxiety? Why?
Reference:
Modern Clinical Neuropsychology in Historical Perspective Read: Meier, M. J. (1992). Modern clinical neuropsychology in historical perspective. The American Psychologist, 47(4), 550-558.
A History of Modern Psychology Read Chapter 15.
https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9781305548916/pdf2htmlex/index.html#page_Cover
An Idealist’s View of Humanistic Psychotherapy Read: Palacios, A. F. (2018). An idealist’s view of humanistic psychotherapy. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 57(3), 223-231. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/johc.12084
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Systematic Review
Topic Diabetes, Obesity
Recommended (suf�cient evidence)
Audience Adults, Older Adults
Setting Clinical/Health Systems, Community
Strategy Counseling, Health Education
Diabetes Management: Intensive Lifestyle Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
October 2016
This webpage summarizes information available in the CPSTF Findings and Rationale Statement, located under the Snapshot tab.
The Community Guide (https://www.thecommunityguide.org)
Summary of CPSTF Finding
The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends intensive lifestyle interventions for
patients with type 2 diabetes to improve glycemic control and reduce risk factors for cardiovascular
disease.
Intervention
CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement
Intensive lifestyle interventions provide ongoing counseling, coaching, or individualized guidance to
patients with type 2 diabetes to help them change their diet, level of physical activity, or both. Patients
must interact with program staff multiple times for a period of six months or longer.
Dietary components may include tailored advice, and physical activity components may include
structured and personalized guidance or supervised exercise training. Programs may have weight loss
goals or include additional components related to weight loss or maintenance.
The largest and longest trial to date provided intensive individual and group counseling and extended
interpersonal support for dietary changes, regular physical activity, and weight management.
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/topic/diabetes
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/topic/obesity
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/task-force/about-community-preventive-services-task-force
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/task-force/understanding-task-force-findings-and-recommendations
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Read the full CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement [PDF – 793 KB] for details including implementation
issues, possible added benefits, potential harms, and evidence gaps.
Promotional Materials
Community Guide News
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About The Systematic Review
Summary of Results
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Among People with Type 2 Diabetes
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Mental Health: Targeted School-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Programs to Reduce Depression and
Anxiety Symptoms
Violence Prevention: Primary Prevention Interventions to Reduce Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence
and Sexual Violence Among Youth
Diabetes Prevention: Interventions Engaging Community Health Workers
The CPSTF uses recently published systematic reviews to conduct accelerated assessments of
interventions that could provide program planners and decision-makers with additional, effective
options. The following published review was selected and evaluated by a team of specialists in
systematic review methods, and in research, practice, and policy related to diabetes management
Huang XL, Pan JH, Chen D, Chen J, Hu TT. Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2
diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Internal Medicine 2016;27;37- 47.
The systematic review and meta-analysis included 17 studies (Huang et al., 2016; search period
through July 15, 2014). The CPSTF finding is based on results from a subset of 7 studies that evaluated
intensive physical activity programs (5 studies) and intensive dietary programs (3 studies) in addition
to expert input from team members and the CPSTF. The largest and longest study (Look AHEAD trial)
evaluated both intensive dietary and physical activity programs.
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/sites/default/files/assets/Diabetes-Lifestyle-Interventions.pdf
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Summary of Economic Evidence
Huang et al. did not consider evidence or information on the economic benefits of these interventions.
An economic evaluation of the Look AHEAD trial reported lower health-care costs over 10 years.
Applicability
Based on evidence from the review, the CPSTF finding is applicable to interventions offered to adults
with type 2 diabetes through healthcare settings in the United States.
Evidence Gaps
Detailed results from the systematic review are available in the CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement [PDF –
793 KB].
The systematic review included 7 studies. The largest and longest study (Look AHEAD trial) evaluated
both intensive dietary and physical activity programs.
Dietary Programs (3 studies)
Intensive dietary programs led to favorable changes in reported outcomes.
Body Mass Index: non-significant decrease
Blood glucose (A1c): significant decrease
Systolic blood pressure: significant decrease
Diastolic blood pressure: significant decrease
LDL cholesterol: non-significant decrease
HDL cholesterol: significant increase
Physical Activity Programs (5 studies)
Intensive physical activity programs led to favorable changes in reported outcomes.
Body Mass Index: non-significant decrease
Blood glucose (A1c): significant decrease
Systolic blood pressure: non-significant decrease
Diastolic blood pressure: significant decrease
LDL cholesterol: non-significant decrease
HDL cholesterol: non-significant increase
https://www.thecommunityguide.org/sites/default/files/assets/Diabetes-Lifestyle-Interventions.pdf
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Study Characteristics
Analytic Framework
No content is available for this section.
Summary Evidence Table
A summary evidence table for this Community Guide review is not available because the CPSTF finding
is based on the following published systematic review:
The CPSTF identified several areas that have limited information. Additional research and evaluation
could help answer the following questions and fill remaining gaps in the evidence base. (What are
evidence gaps?)
RUBRIC |
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Excellent Quality 95-100%
|
Introduction
45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Literature Support 91-84 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned. |
Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met. |
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Average Score 50-85% |
40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided. |
83-76 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration. |
52-49 points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met. |
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Poor Quality 0-45% |
37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided. |
75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration. |
48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met |
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PSY Continuing Developments in Psychology Discussion Assignment |
PSY Continuing Developments in Psychology Discussion Assignment