Scientific Method in a Primary Scientific Article Essay
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Scientific Method in a Primary Scientific Article Essay
Written Assignment: Trace the Scientific Method in a Primary Scientific Article
Addresses course outcomes 1 and 4:
recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems.
weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method.
A primary research article is an article in which authors conduct experiments and report their original findings, while a secondary research article reports or summarizes information presented from another source (for information of primary and secondary sources please go to Online Guide to Writing and Research).
For this assignment we will use a secondary article to trace the scientific method in a primary article.
Before starting this assignment, revisit the Scientific Method Tutorial in the Science Learning Center under the Content area.
Summary of Instructions:
Select a topic from the article options below. Next, click on the associated link to read the Science Daily article (the peer-reviewed scholarly primary article is also provided. Use this article as needed for additional details). Finally, write a paper that addresses the points outlined below.
Article options (choose one):
Gut bacteria from wild mice boost health in lab mice. Researchers recently reported that laboratory mice that are given the gut bacteria of wild mice are better able to survive an infection of the flu virus as well as fighting colorectal cancer.
Gut bacteria from wild mice boost health in lab mice
Journal Reference: Rosshart S. P.,Vassallo, B. G.,Angeletti, D., Hutchinson, D. S.,Morgan, A. P.,Takeda, K.,Hickman H. D.,McCulloch, J. A.,Badger, J. H., Ajami, N. J.,Trinchieri, G.,Pardo-Manuel de Vilena F.,Yewdell, J. W.,Reherman, B.et al. Wild Mouse Gut Microbiota Promotes Host Fitness and Improves Disease Resistance. Cell, 2017 Nov 16;171(5):1015-1028.e13.2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.016
Multivitamins in pregnancy may be linked to lower autism risk in children. An international research team set out to assess whether nutrient supplementation during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of autism spectrum disorder, with and without intellectual disability.
Multivitamins in pregnancy may be linked to lower autism risk in children
Journal Reference: DeVilbiss, E. A., Magnusson, C., Gardner, R. A.,Rai, D., Newschaffer, C.J. Lyall, K., Dalman, C. Lee, B.K., Antenatal nutritional supplementation and autism spectrum disorders in the Stockholm youth cohort: population based cohort study. BMJ, 2017 Oct 4;359:j4273. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j4273
Higher dose of vitamin D increases bone density in premature babies. Recent investigations suggest that if the standard supplementation of 400 IUs of vitamin D is increased to 800 IUs daily there are reductions in the number of premature and preterm babies with extremely low bone density.
Higher dose of vitamin D increases bone density in premature babies
Reference retrieved from:
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185950
High blood pressure lowers significantly after drinking tart montmorency cherry juice. Drinking tart Montmorency cherry juice significantly reduces human blood pressure at a level comparable to that achieved by medication.
High blood pressure lowers significantly after drinking tart montmorency cherry juice
Journal Reference: Keane KM, George TW, Constantinou CL, Brown MA, Clifford T, Howatson G (2016), Effects of Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus Cerasus L.) consumption on vascular function in men with early hypertension, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103 (6), 1531–1539, https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.123869
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/103/6/1531/4569616?login=true
After selecting a topic and reading both the Science Daily article (see above) and the provided peer-reviewed primary research article as a reference, please write a paper adhering to the following guidelines:
Paper submission – upload to the appropriate assignment folder by the set deadline
Use the Science Daily article, and if needed also the scholarly article, to identify and describe the steps of the scientific method. Which observations do you think the scientists made leading up to this research study? Given your understanding of the experimental design, formulate a specific hypothesis that is being tested in this experiment. If a hypothesis is stated, please rewrite it IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Describe the experimental design including control and treatment group(s), and dependent and independent variables. Summarize the results and the conclusion (50 points)
Criticize the research described. Things to consider: Were the test subjects and treatments relevant and appropriate? Was the sample size large enough? Were the methods used appropriate? Can you think of a potential bias in a research study like this? What are the limitations of the conclusions made in this research study? Address at least two of these questions in your critique of the research study (20 points).
Discuss the relevance of this type of research, both for the world in general and for you personally (20 points). Proper grammar will count for 10 points.
Write a paper with title page, introduction, paragraphs addressing the questions, conclusion and references. As a minimum, you should have TWO references (the Science Daily article and the Journal Reference). You must write in your own words and paraphrase information from the selected information sources, addressing each of the questions for your chosen topic. Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Your paper should be 500 – 750 words, excluding references and title page. Use APA style for references, see https://www.umgc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm . Spelling, punctuation, capitalization, sentence construction, and paragraph construction will be considered in the grading of this assignment.
Submit your assignment to the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule. This assignment will automatically be checked for originality by Turnitin after submission. Please review the Originality Report and when needed, submit a revised assignment before the deadline.
Grading
Excellent (90 – 100%) Good (75 – 89%) Adequate (50 – 74%) Unacceptable (0-49%) The Scientific Method 45 points
All steps of the scientific method in the provided research study is clearly and accurately identified and described. 40-45 points
One of the steps in the scientific method in the provided research study is not described and/or minor issues with clarity and accuracy in identifying and describing the steps of the scientific method. 33-39 points
Two of the steps in the scientific method in the provided research study are not described and/or major issues with clarity and accuracy in identifying and describing the steps of the scientific method. 25-32 points
Most or all of the steps in the scientific method is not described. 0-24 points
Critique of Research 20 points
Clear, accurate, relevant and well organized critique of research, commenting on at least two issues. 18-20 points
Minor issues with clarity, accuracy, relevance or organization in critique of research. 15-17 points
Major issues with clarity, accuracy, relevance or organization in critique of research, and/or commenting on only one issue. 10-14 points
No or minimal critique of research. 0-9 points
Discussion of Relevance 15 points
Discussion of the relevance of this research study, both to the world and to you personally, is clear and accurate. 13-15 points
Minor issues with clarity or accuracy in the discussion of the relevance of this research study to the world and to you personally. 10-12 points
Major issues with clarity and accuracy in the discussion of the relevance of this research study or missing relevance to world or to you personally. 6 – 9 points
No or minimal discussion of relevance to world or you personally. 0-6 points
Grammar/ Spelling 10 points
Less than 3 minor spelling/grammatical errors 9-10 points
4-8 spelling/grammatical errors 7-8 points
9-12 spelling/grammatical errors 5-6 point
More than 13 spelling /grammatical errors. 0-4 points
References 5 points
References to both the Science Daily article and the Scholarly article are listed at the end, in-text citations are included, all references in correct APA format. 5 points
References to the Science Daily article and the Scholarly article are listed at the end, but with minor errors in APA format and/or in-text citations missing. 3-4 points
Reference to either the Science Daily or the Scholarly article missing, and/or major errors in APA format.
1-2 points
No references included. 0 points
Length of Paper 5 points
Paper is between 500 and 750 words 5 points
Paper is between 350-499 or 751-900 words 4 points
Paper is between 200-399 or 900 – 1049 words 3 points
Paper is less than 199 or more than 1050 words Scientific Method in a Primary Scientific Article Essay
RUBRIC
Excellent Quality
95-100%
Introduction 45-41 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Literature Support
91-84 points
The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.
Methodology
58-53 points
Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score
50-85%
40-38 points
More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.
83-76 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.
52-49 points
Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality
0-45%
37-1 points
The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.
75-1 points
Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.
48-1 points
There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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